Combined radium

GENERAL INFORMATION
Most drinking water sources have very low levels of radioactive contaminants ("radionuclides"), most of which are naturally occurring, although contamination of drinking water sources from human-made nuclear materials can also occur. Most radioactive contaminants are at levels that are low enough to not be considered a public health concern.

Radium is a radioactive element that is relatively stable and decays into Radon Gas. During the decay process it emits alpha particles (which are helium nuclei). These alpha particles are emitted at high energy and can cause damage to molecules in the body such as DNA.

HEALTH EFFECTS
Some people who drink water containing radium 226 or radium 228 in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

Standard value 1: 
5.00
Standard units 1: 
pCi/L
Input units: 
pCi/L
Contaminant group: 
Radionuclide
Standard type 1: 
MCL
Action is recommended 1: 

MCL ADVISORY - ACTION IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED
Combined radium levels were detected in your water sample to exceed the maximum contaminant level (MCL).

Action is optional 1: 

ACTION IS OPTIONAL
Combined radium levels were detected in your water sample but do not exceed the maximum contaminant level.

Major sources in drinking water: 
Decay of unstable nuclei in natural and man made materials.
Treatment options: 

TREATMENT OPTIONS

  • Ion Exchange: Ion exchange removes approximately 90 percent of radionuclides. The effluent must be regularly monitored and the resin must be frequently regenerated to ensure that breakthrough does not occur.
  • Reverse Osmosis (RO): RO system to remove radionuclides depends on a number of factors, including pH, turbidity, iron/manganese content of the raw water, and RO membrane type.
Website resources: 

WEBSITE RESOURCES

Fact sheets: 

FACT SHEETS